摘要:基于DSSAT作物模型模拟了不同降水年型水分胁迫条件下的冬小麦生产潜力，对比分析不同生育期灌水对产量、WUE以及土壤蒸发量等的影响，从而确定关键灌水期；并在综合考虑产量、WUE、总灌水量、灌水次数等因素的基础上确定了不同降水年型下的最优灌溉制度。结果表明：(1) 冬小麦越冬水、返青水、拔节水、灌浆水四水中以返青水最为关键，其次为拔节水，最后为越冬水和灌浆水；当不灌返青水时，冬小麦产量和蒸腾量显著降低，土壤蒸发量显著升高；(2) 不同降水年型之间也存在显著差异，产量、WUE、作物蒸腾量等表现为丰水年略大于平水年，二者显著大于枯水年；而灌水边际效益表现为平水年＞枯水年＞丰水年；(3) 枯水年、平水年、丰水年的冬小麦最优灌溉制 度分别为枯水年返青期和拔节期各灌水75 mm和50 mm，平水年返青期灌水75 mm，丰水年返青期和拔节期各灌水25 mm。

关键词:DSSAT模型  节水灌溉  冬小麦  关中地区

AbstractIn the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China, the land, light and heat resources are relatively rich but water resource is much short. Water is the main limiting factor in exploring the productive potential of light and temperature in these areas. In order to realize highly efficient agricultural production and sustainable development, it is essential to raise the use efficiency of water resource according to the water requirement and water-stress response of crops in different growing stages. By using DSSAT model, the productive potential of winter wheat in different hydrological years in Yangli ng, Shaanxi Province was simulated, the effects of irrigation in different stages on yield, WUE and soil evaporation were analyzed, and the key irrigation periods were determined. Furthermore, the optimal irrigation schedule of winter wheat in different hydrological years was made by considering yield, WUE, total irrigation amount and irrigation times comprehensively. The results showed: (1) A mong the four times of irrigation during the growing period of winter wheat, revival water was most critical, next was jointing water, and winter water and grain filling water were the last. When there was no revival water, the yield and transpiration of winter wheat were decreased significantly, and the soil evaporation was increased significantly. (2) There were also remarkable differences among different hydrological years. The yield, WUE and crop transpiration in wet years were slightly higher than those in normal years, and both of them were significantly higher than those in dry years. As for the marginal benefit of irrigation, different hydrological years were ranked as: normal years＞dry years＞wet years. (3) The optimal irrigation schedule of winter wheat in different hydrological years was: 75 mm of revival water and 50 mm of jointing water in dry years, 75 mm of revival water in normal years, and 25 mm of revival water and 25 mm of jointing water in wet years.

Key wordsDSSAT model  water-saving irrigation  winter wheat  Central Shaanxi

文章编号： 0258_7106 (2016) 01_0018_15 中图分类号： P618.41 文献标志码：A

改回日期：2015_07_11

基金项目

**通讯作者耿新霞， 女， 1979年生， 助理研究员， 成矿规律研究方向。 Email： gen gxinxia@cags.ac.cn