摘要:环渤海区淡水资源匮乏，咸水资源丰富，为解决水资源短缺以及微咸水灌溉引起土壤盐渍化问题，研究了在微咸水灌溉条件下，基质栽培对番茄、青椒和茄子生长发育的影响,以土壤栽培为对照，基质为腐熟秸秆、珍珠岩和炉渣按 质量比1∶1∶1混合，深30 cm，整个生育期灌溉3 g·L^-1微咸水。结果表明：基质栽培条件下番茄和茄子的生长发育受到显著抑制，相对于土壤栽培，株高分别下降44.1%和25.1%，生物量分别下降80.4%和48.9%，产量下降49.2%和27.6%；青椒的株高和生物量下降15.2%和27.0%，但是产量没有显著变化。通过测定基质和土壤的盐分，发现在基质栽培条件下蔬菜受到盐分胁迫，植株耐盐性能降低，细胞膜完整性被破坏，导致番茄、青椒和茄子的光合速率分别下降18.5%、15.3%和14.1%。可见这种基质栽培条件适宜于浅根系作物，不适宜深根系作物，并且基质材料应该选择不含有盐碱土的炉渣。

关键词:基质栽培  微咸水  蔬菜  生长

AbstractBohai Sea region has plenty of brackish water but short of freshwater resources. In attempt to find the solution to solve the problems of freshwater shortages and soil salinization caused by brackish water irrigation, we studied the effect of substrate culture on the growth of tomato, green pepper and eggplant under brackish water irrigation. The substrate used in this study was made of composting straw, perlite, and slag mixed in a mass ratio of 1∶1∶1. The depth of groove was 30 cm. All egetables were irrigated with 3 g·L^-1 saline water. The results showed the growth and development of tomato and eggplant was significantly inhibited in substrate culture. Compared with s oil cultivation, the plant height of tomato and eggplant were decreased 44.1% and 25.1% espectively, the biomass was decreased 80.4% and 48.9%, respectively, and the yield was decreased 49.2% and 27.6% respectively in substrate culture. Green pepper height and biomass were decreased 15.2% and 27.0%, but the yield was not affected significantly. The salinity of matrix and soil was measured. We found vegetables were subjected to salt stress in the substrate culture conditions, which led to a lower salt tolerance, lower membrane integrity and lower photosynthesis rate. In conclusion, this substrate culture was not suitable for deep root crops, but might be suitable for shallow root crops. The slag containing saline-alkali soil should not be used as matrix.

Key wordssubstrate culture  brackish water  vegetable  growth

文章编号： 0258_7106 (2016) 01_0018_15 中图分类号： P618.41 文献标志码：A

改回日期：2015_07_11

基金项目

**通讯作者耿新霞， 女， 1979年生， 助理研究员， 成矿规律研究方向。 Email： gen gxinxia@cags.ac.cn