摘要:以周麦23为供试材料，采用裂区设计的大田试验研究 了关中地区秸秆还田配施不同氮肥水平 对冬小麦产量及氮素调控的影响。结果表明：相较于单施氮肥处理，秸秆还田配施氮肥处理 冬小麦产量在低施氮量处理时有降低的趋势，在高施氮量处理时有增加的趋势，但两者间的 差异不显著；秸秆还田配施氮肥能有效提高冬小麦的氮素利用效率，冬小麦的氮肥表观利用 率提高了1.6%～9.1%；秸秆还田措施配施适量的氮肥有降低冬小麦百公斤籽粒需氮量的趋势 。综合考虑到生产成本及潜在环境污染的可能性因素，在秸秆还田条件下，试验地区冬小 麦施氮量以252～321 kg·hm^-2为宜。

关键词:秸秆还田  氮肥  产量  氮素利用效率  冬小麦

AbstractUsing the wheat cultivar Zhoumai 23 as material, the re were 10 treatments that were coded as N0, N84, NI68, N252 and N336 (standing for single nitrogen fertilizer at 0, 84, 168, 252 kg·hm^-2 and 336 kg·hm ^-2, respectively), and S+N0, S+N84, S+NI68, S+N252 and S+N336 (standing fo r 5 500 kg·hm^-2 straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer at the rates as above). The results showed that, compared with the single N treatments, the yield of wheat under S+N treatments showed a trend of decrease, but the dif ference between them was insignificant statistically. Nitrogen fertilizer use ef ficiency under S+N treatments was 1.6%～9.1% higher than that of N treatments. S traw returning combined with an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer tended to decrease Nrequirement per 100 kg grain. In conclusion, straw returning com bined with nitrogen fertilizer application produced positive effects on wheat production, and 252～321 kg·hm^-2 was a suitable rate of nitrogen applicat ion for winter wheat in the experimental area.

Key wordsstraw returning  nitrogen fertilizer  grain yield  nitrogen use efficiency  winter wheat

文章编号： 0258_7106 (2016) 01_0018_15 中图分类号： P618.41 文献标志码：A

改回日期：2015_07_11

基金项目

**通讯作者耿新霞， 女， 1979年生， 助理研究员， 成矿规律研究方向。 Email： gen gxinxia@cags.ac.cn