摘要:在大田条件下研究了不同灌水处理对强筋小麦新麦19产量、干物质转运、水分利用效率、籽粒全氮含量和面团粉质拉伸参数的影响。试验于2009—2010年度，在新乡市农业科学院辉县试验基地一号地和辉县市孟庄镇高村同时进行。试验采用随机区组试验设计，三次重复。试验设5个处理：底墒水+拔节水+开花水，底墒水+拔节水，底墒水+越冬水+孕穗水，越冬水+孕穗水，越冬水+起身水+开花水+灌浆水（对照）。结果表明：灌水处理对新麦19的产量、干物质转运、水分利用效率及籽粒品质性状有显著的影响，两地结果基本一致。“底墒水+拔节水+开花水”处理的产量最高，两地平均比对照增产5%，花后干物质积累量和转运率、水分利用率、降水利用效率、灌水利用率和品质性状均高于对照。“底墒水+拔节水”处理的水分利用率最高，比对照高出6%以上。小麦全生育期灌两水以上时，随灌水量的增加籽粒品质将变劣；花后灌一水与花后不灌水处理的籽粒品质性状差异较小，二者均优于花后灌两水的处理。综合籽粒产量、品质、水分利用率多方面因素，在河南北部地区强筋小麦生产中适宜采用“底墒水+拔节水+开花水”的水分管理模式。

关键词:强筋小麦  灌水  籽粒产量  品质性状  水分利用效率  干物质积累与分配

AbstractA field trial was conducted during 2009—2010 at t he experimental station of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gaocun Village in Huixian City, Henan Province to verify the effects of irrigation on y ield, dry matter accumulation amount (DMAA), dry matter distribution ratio (DMDR ), water use efficiency (WUE), and quality of highgluten wheat. The trial was implemented by using randomized block design with three replications. Five treat ments of irrigation were included: pre-sowing water + jointing water + flowering water (T1), presowing water + jointing water (T2), presowing water + winter water + booting water (T3), winter water + booting water (T4), and winter water + prejointing water+ flowering water + filling water (CK). The results showed that the irrigation treatments affected significantly grain yield, DMAA, DMDR, WUE and quality characters of Xinmai 19 at both sites. The yield of T1 was the h ighest, which increased by 5% in average at the two sites compared with CK. The DMAA, DMDR, WUE, irrigation WUE and precipitation WUE of T1 were wholly higher t han those of CK. The WUE of T2 was the highest, which increased by more than 6% compared with CK. When irrigated twice or more during the whole growth period, t he grain quality tended to be worse with the increase of irrigation frequency. T here was little difference of grain quality between irrigation once and no irrigation after anthesis, both of whose grain quality was prior to that of irri gation twice after anthesis. In comprehensive view of yield, quality and WUE, T1 was the best irrigation mode for highgluten wheat production in northern Hena n Province.

Key wordshigh gluten wheat  irrigation  grain yield  quality character  water use efficiency  dry matter accumulation and distribution

文章编号： 0258_7106 (2016) 01_0018_15 中图分类号： P618.41 文献标志码：A

改回日期：2015_07_11

基金项目

**通讯作者耿新霞， 女， 1979年生， 助理研究员， 成矿规律研究方向。 Email： gen gxinxia@cags.ac.cn