摘要:为了提高小麦成熟胚的分化率、研究小麦成熟胚的组培特性及筛选出高效再生的小麦品种，选取了36个小麦品种为供试材料，研究了不同愈伤诱导时间对成熟胚组培特性的影响、在分化培养基中添加不同浓度KT对成熟胚分化的影响，以及愈伤组织进行不同时间干燥处理后对愈伤分化的影响；并对30个参试品种中具有高效再生率的基因型进行了筛选。结果表明，出愈率随诱导时间呈正向变化，但分化率则表现先增加后降低的变化趋势，且在12 d左右 可以达到较为理想的分化效果；当KT浓度为0.5 mg·L^-1时分化效果最好；转入分化培养基之前对愈伤进行8～12 h干燥处理可显著提高分化率；在供试的30个地方品种中，有15个小麦品种的分化率达到30%以上，其中泰山1389、淮麦20及泛麦5号的分化率依次达到41.5%、41.2%及39.6%。因此，在小麦成熟胚培养过程中愈伤诱导12 d，转接至分化培养基前干燥处理8～12 h及分化培养基中添加0.5 mg·L^-1 KT可以达到较为理想的愈伤分化数。本研究从不同地方品种中筛选出的一些高效再生的小麦品种可以作为遗传转化的受体材料。

关键词:小麦  成熟胚  组织培养  优化  筛选

AbstractIn order to improve differentiation efficiency of wheat mature embryo, study the tissue culture characteristics of wheat mature embryo and screen for high efficiency genotype wheat varieties, 36 wheat varieties were used as experimental materials to study the effect of different induction times, KT at different concentrations and different time length of drying treatment to the different iation efficiency of mature embryo. 30 wheat varieties were screened for high efficiency genotype varieties with high regeneration rate. The results showed that, callus formation frequency were as positively affected byinduction time, while the differentiation rate first increased thendecreased as the number of induction days increased, when callus induction was about 12 days and the concentration of KT was 0.5 mg·L^-1, the differentiation rate was best. 8～12 hours drying treatme nt can significantly improve differentiation rate before calli was transferred to the differentiation medium. Of all the 30 wheat materials, the differentiation rate of 15 cultivars reached 30% or more, of which Taishan 1389, Huaimai 20 and Fanmai 5th were 41.5%, 41.2% and 39.6%, respectively. Thus, calluses induced 12 days, drying treatment to 8～12 h and 0.5 mg·L^-1 KT to induct was t he best in the process culture of calluses from wheat mature embryo. Some wheat varieties of high regeneration rate were screened from different places, which can be used as the receptor materials of genetic transformation.

Key wordswheat  mature embryo  tissue culture  optimization  screening

文章编号： 0258_7106 (2016) 01_0018_15 中图分类号： P618.41 文献标志码：A

改回日期：2015_07_11

基金项目

**通讯作者耿新霞， 女， 1979年生， 助理研究员， 成矿规律研究方向。 Email： gen gxinxia@cags.ac.cn