摘要:基于对黑土区松花江流域东山沟小流域坡耕地耕层土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量及土壤侵蚀速率的分析，研究了坡耕地土壤侵蚀强度与土壤有机质、氮素含量的相关性及坡面侵蚀、沉积对土壤有机质和氮素空间分布的影响。结果表明，土壤侵蚀强度在流域分布呈现上游＞中游＞下游；土壤侵蚀强度沿坡面分布呈现出较弱—强—弱的变化趋势，存在明显的侵蚀强弱交替变化规律。小流域土壤有机质和氮素含量空间分布特征与土壤侵蚀强度分布特征相对应，表现为流域上游＜中游＜下游；三种土壤养分沿坡长分布呈现较高—低—高的变化趋势。土壤侵蚀速率与土壤有机质、全氮含量之间呈极显著负相关关系，与碱解氮含量存在显著负相关关系，证实了土壤侵蚀是影响我国东北典型黑土区土壤质量下降最重要因素。

关键词:土壤侵蚀  土壤有机质  氮  坡耕地  黑土

AbstractBased on the measurement data of soil properties and soil erosion in sloping farmlands of Dongshangou watershed in Songhua River catchment, the correlation between soil erosion and soil organic matter and nitrogen was analyzed, and the effects of erosion and deposition on the distribution of soil organic matter and nitrogen were studied. The results showed that the distribution of erosion intensity in the whole watershed could be ordered as: upstream＞midstream＞downstream. Along the whole slope, soil erosion intensity varied dramatically in order of slight-severe-slight level. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of soil nutrient contents had a corresponding relationship with soil erosion intensity, and it could be ordered as: upstream＜midstream＜downstream. The distribution of soil nutrients changed in order of high-low-high level along the whole slope. Soil erosion intensity was negatively related with soil organic matter and total nitrogen at extremely significant level, and with alkaline nitrogen at significant level. This implies that soil erosion has become an important factor causing soil quality decline in black soil region of northeast China.

Key wordssoil erosion  soil organic matter  nitrogen  sloping farmland  black soil

文章编号： 0258_7106 (2016) 01_0018_15 中图分类号： P618.41 文献标志码：A

改回日期：2015_07_11

基金项目

**通讯作者耿新霞， 女， 1979年生， 助理研究员， 成矿规律研究方向。 Email： gen gxinxia@cags.ac.cn