摘要:为提高潜水蒸发计算精度，利用潜水蒸发强度、埋深为零时的土面蒸发强度和水面蒸发强度的实测资料对阿维里扬诺夫公式、叶水庭公式和雷志栋公式中E₀值的选取进行了探讨，同时对比分析了E₀分别为水面蒸发强度和埋深为零时土面蒸发强度两种情况下的潜水蒸发强度。结果表明，针对新疆地区粘壤土类型，对于上述三种公式，若用埋深为零的土面蒸发强度代替水面蒸发强度，计算结果会产生误差，精度偏低，应选用E₀为水面蒸发强度进行计算，获得了η与地下水埋深的指数函数关系。该研究为潜水蒸发经验模型中E₀值的选取提供参考，同时为求解雷志栋公式中参数η提供一种新方法。

关键词:潜水蒸发  经验模型  水面蒸发  土面蒸发

AbstractThe evaporation rate of water surface (expressed with E₀) is contained in the common empirical models of groundwater evaporation, which can be replaced by the evaporation rate of soil surface at groundwater depth of zero. Measured data of groundwater evaporation rate, evaporation rate of soil surface at groundwater depth of zero and evaporation rate of water surface were used to made a discussion on the selection of E₀ value in Averiyanov equation, Ye equation and Lei equation, so as to improve the accuracy of calculation. Meanwhile, the groundwater vaporation rate was compared under the two conditions in which E₀ was the evaporation rate of water surface and the evaporation rate of soil surface at groundwater depth of zero, respectively. The results turned to be that, in the light of clay loam in Xinjiang, some calculation error would be caused if the evaporation rate of soil surface at groundwater depth of zero were used instead of the evaporation rate of water surface as for the above three equations. So it was suggested that the evaporation rate of water surface be used as E₀, and an exponential function relationship between η and groundwater table was obtained. The study results may provide references for the selection of E₀ in the empirical models of phreatic evaporation, and offer a new method for calculating the parameter η in Lei equation.

Key wordsgroundwater evaporation  empirical model  evaporation of water surface  evaporation of soil surface

文章编号： 0258_7106 (2016) 01_0018_15 中图分类号： P618.41 文献标志码：A

投稿时间：2012-04-14修订日期：2012-11-14 改回日期：2015_07_11

基金项目

**通讯作者耿新霞， 女， 1979年生， 助理研究员， 成矿规律研究方向。 Email： gen gxinxia@cags.ac.cn