| 摘要: |
| 作物系数是计算作物需水量，合理进行灌溉和水分资源调配的重要参数。依据1991—2011年黑龙江10个典型农业气象站大豆农业气象观测记录，运用统计学方法，确定了大豆实际平均生育期，利用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式和根层水分平衡原理，计算出了大豆作物系数，并进一步分析了大豆作物系数的变化规律。结果表明，近20年，黑龙江大豆平均播种时间推迟5 d，收获时间推迟10 d，平均生育期为5月1日到9月30日，生育期延长5 d。大豆作物系数在生育期内呈现出“单峰”变化趋势，结荚期的作物系数最大，为0.96，其次是开花期，为0.75，苗期和成熟期最小，为0.32；三叶期、分枝期和鼓粒期作物系数分别为0.60，0.62和0.71，全生育期平均作物系数为0.61。大豆的水分敏感期为结荚期和开花期。 |
| 关键词: 大豆 作物系数 生育期 作物系数变化规律 Penman-Monteith公式 根层水分平衡法 黑龙江省 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“主要农作物抗御季节性干旱技术研究与示范”(201203031)；国家级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费“东北地区主要作物天气指数保险和风险区划研究”(BSRF201102) |
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| Estimation of crop coefficients for soybean in Heilongjiang province |
| YANG Xiao-juan, LIU Yuan, BAI Wei, LIU Bu-chun |
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| Abstract: |
| Crop coefficient is an important parameter for calculating crop water requirements and reasonable distribution of irrigation water and water resources. According to the observated records from 1991 to 2011 in 10 typical agricultural meteorological stations of Heilongjiang province, the average soybean growth stages were determined by using the statistical method, the crop coefficients of soybean were estimated by using the FAO recommended Penman-Monteith Formula and water balance equation in root zoon, and the variable rule of crop coefficient of soybean was further analyzed. The results indicated that: In recent 20 years, the sowing date of soybean was delayed average 5 days, the harvest date was delayed 10 days, and the average soybean growing season was from first day of May to last day of September. The soybean crop coefficient displayed unimodal distribution in whole growing season. The average crop coefficient in whole growing season was 0.61, the highest value was 0.96 at podding stage, the second was 0.75 at flowering stage, the lowest value was 0.32 at seedling and maturing stages. The crop coefficients in three leaves stage, branching stage and poddring stage were 0.60, 0.62 and 0.71, respectively. The water sensitive period was podding stage and flowering stage. |
| Key words: soybean crop coefficient growth stage variable rule of crop coefficient Penman-Monteith Formula water balance equation in root zoon Heilongjiang province |
