| 摘要: |
| 从农作物生产水足迹角度出发，基于彭曼公式结合CROPWAT软件计算，分析了2011年新疆13个地(州)主要农作物的生产水足迹情况。结果表明：新疆地区棉花的单位面积及单位质量需水量分别为8 650 m3·hm-2、4.82 m3·kg-1，均大于小麦和玉米的需水量，是三种农作物中最耗水的作物；新疆主要农作物需水以蓝水为主，其中棉花的蓝水比重最高达93.31%，南疆地区蓝水利用量最大；2011年新疆全区主要农作物生产水足迹为2 049.31×107 m3，其中蓝水足迹为1 651.65×107 m3，绿水足迹为186.88×107 m3，灰水足迹为210.78×107 m3；巴州、阿克苏、喀什地区的作物生产水足迹总量较大，是水资源治理的主要地区。对于水资源缺乏的新疆地区，合理调整农作物的种植结构及减少化肥施用量，是落实最严格水资源管理制度的有效措施。 |
| 关键词: 生产水足迹 农作物 蓝水 绿水 灰水 彭曼公式 新疆 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项（201301103） |
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| Calculation and analysis on water footprint of main crops in Xinjiang |
| XUAN Jun-wei1,2, ZHENG Jiang-hua1,2, LIU Zhi-hui1,2,3 |
| () |
| Abstract: |
| From the perspective of water footprint of crop production, based on Penman Equation and CROPWAT software, was analyzed the water footprint of major crops production in 13 regions of Xinjiang in 2011. The results showed that: The cotton water requirements per unit area and unit mass were 8 650 m3·hm-2 and 4.82 m3·kg-1, respectively, which is total large than the water requirements of wheat and corn, it is the maximal water consumption crop among the three crops. The water requirements of major crops in Xinjiang were mainly relied on blue water. Among them, the proportion of blue water for cotton was the highest, reached 93.31%, the maximal use of blue water was in the southern areas of Xinjiang. Meanwhile, the water footprint of major crops in whole Xinjiang was 2 049.31×107 m3 in 2011, among them, the blue water footprint was 1 651.65×107 m3, green water footprint was 186.88×107 m3, and grey water footprint was 210.78×107 m3. The total amount of water footprint of crop production in Bazhou, Aksu, Kashgar was bigger, which were the main regions for water resources control and government. So for the Xinjiang with water resources shortage, reasonably adjust the agricultural crop planting structure and reduce the application of chemical fertilizer, it is an effective measure to carry out the strictest water resources management institution. |
| Key words: water footprint of production crop blue water green water grey water Penman Equation Xinjiang |
