| 摘要: |
| 为了研究土壤水分对向日葵生长状况的影响，2012年在巴彦淖尔市农业气象试验站，通过灌溉试验，对供试向日葵采取不同的水量处理，测定了土壤含水量和向日葵生长指标。结果表明：苗期水分亏缺和过湿灌溉都将导致向日葵生长高度、叶面积、干物质积累在该时期较其它处理低，亏水处理即使后期复水，作物生长补偿虽然明显，但最终在所有处理中各个观测指标最低。苗期的过湿灌溉在后期的适宜灌溉下，可以逐渐恢复正常。水分对向日葵叶面积的影响可以看出：生育前期干旱，推迟叶面积最大值的出现日期，前期不缺水，中期水分影响叶面积的高低，后期水分影响到叶面积的衰减速率。地上干物重的积累与土壤水分的含量成正相关。向日葵整个生育期间适宜水分为：二对真叶到花序形成期土壤水分应以55%～70%为宜，花序形成到开花后一周是向日葵的需水关键期，土壤水分保持在70%～90%为宜，开花后一周到成熟期土壤水分以55%～70%为宜。 |
| 关键词: 土壤水分 灌溉 株高 叶面积系数 干物重 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201206021） |
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| Effect of soil moisture on the growth of sunflower |
| YUN Wen-li1, LI Jian-jun2, HOU Qiong1 |
| () |
| Abstract: |
| The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of soil moisture on growth parameters of sunflower. Field experiments were conducted in Agro-meteorological Institute of Bayannaoer with different irrigation regimes. Results indicated that the significant effect of irrigation on sunflower growth. At seedling stage deficit and wet irrigation resulted in lower plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation. Crop compensation is obvious after deficit treatment. However, all growth parameters were reduced. Sufficient irrigation later can minimize the loss. In early stage drought postponed the date of maximum leaf area. In the late stage, soil moisture affected decreasin
g rate of leaf area. Accumulation of dry matter and soil moisture were significantly correlated.. Period from budding to one week flowering is critical for sunflower in term of water requirement, with soil moisture of 70%～90% being suitable. And after that until maturity, soil moisture should be 55%～70%. |
| Key words: soil moisture irrigation plant height leaf area index dry matter |
