| 引用本文： |
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李志鹏，赵业婷，常庆瑞.渭河平原县域农田土壤速效养分空间特征[J].大中文模板3,2014,(2):163-170. [点击复制]
- LI Zhi-peng, ZHAO Ye-ting, CHANG Qing-rui.Spatial characteristics of soil available nutrients in farmland at a county scale in Weihe Plain, China[J].大中文模板3,2014,(2):163-170. [点击复制]
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| 摘要: |
| 土壤速效养分对评价土壤肥力水平具有很好的表征作用，对其充分了解是土壤养分管理和合理施肥的基础。本研究以兴平市为例，综合运用传统统计学、地统计学和GIS技术，结合“3414”田间肥效方案，研究渭河平原农田土壤速效氮、磷和钾的空间特征及其变化规律，为区域平衡施肥、农田保养和农业生产提供科学指导和理论基础。结果表明，兴平市农田土壤速效氮、磷和钾平均含量分别为38.38 mg·kg-1，27.13 mg·kg-1，202.07 mg·kg-1，速效氮磷比值平均为1.99。在约400 m采样尺度下，3项土壤养分均表现出弱的空间相关性，主要受施肥管理、种植模式等人为活动影响。整体上，土壤速效钾含量丰富；速效磷整体较丰富，7.43%的农田缺乏；速效氮普遍不高，67.98%农田缺乏；速效氮磷比值偏低，92.27%农田比值小于2。30 a来，农田土壤速效氮普遍下降，降幅西高东低、北高南低；速效磷普遍增加，增速北高南低；速效钾北增南减，整体在增加；土壤氮磷比值分布格局逆转，变化上南增北减，整体在下降。盲目施肥和肥料利用率低是兴平市农业生产的主要障碍因素。今后的生产实践中应密切关注土壤氮素的有效补充，磷肥的控制及渭河阶地区土壤钾素的消耗，平衡土壤养分，
以提升区域经济和生态效益。 |
| 关键词: 土壤 地统计学 速效养分 空间特征 兴平市 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家863计划课题（2013AA102401）；国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAH29B04）；陕西省耕地地力调查与质量评价项目 |
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| Spatial characteristics of soil available nutrients in farmland at a county scale in Weihe Plain, China |
| LI Zhi-peng, ZHAO Ye-ting, CHANG Qing-rui |
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| Abstract: |
| Soil available nutrients serve as reliable indicators for evaluating soil fertility. The complete understanding of soil available nutrients is the foundation of soil nutrient management and reasonable fertilization. This study targeted at Xingping County and explored the spatial and tempor
al patterns of soil available N, P and K in Weihe Plain farmland, using GIS technology and data from “3414” experiments. Our objective is to provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for the regional balanced fertilization, farmland maintenance and agricultural production. The results showed that the current average contents of soil available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and
available potassium (AK) in Xingping farmland were 38.38 mg·kg-1, 27.13 mg·kg-1 and 202.07 mg·kg-1, and the average ratio of AN to AP (N/P) was 1.99. These three nutrients belonged to weak spatial dependence under 400 m sampling scale, mainly affected by fertilization, cropping systems, topography, soil types. As a whole, soil AK was abundant, while 7.43% of AP and 67.98% of AN was lack. During the past 30 years, compared with the results in the 1980s, AN content decreased and its reduction rate increased from east to west and from s
outh to north. AP content increased and its increasing rate increased from south to north. AK content generally increased while increased in the north and decreased in the south. At the same time, soil available N/P ratio in the whole had reverse trend. The blindness of fertilization and low fertilizer utilization rate are the major obstacles. It should be paid close attention to the effective sup
plement of N fertilizer, the control of P fertilizer and the consumption of soil available K in the southern Weihe terrace, so as to balance soil nutrients and improve the regional economic and ecological benefits. |
| Key words: soil geostatistics available nutrients spatial variability Xingping County |
