| 摘要: |
| 为探索定量评估干旱灾害对旱区冬小麦造成损失的方法，以山东省莒县为例，利用1981—2010年莒县三十年气候整编资料以及历年冬小麦生长发育期、土壤水分观测资料，运用FAO PM公式，对气象行业标准《小麦干旱灾害等级》中冬小麦不同生长发育阶段的可能蒸散量、需水量、水分亏缺率进行求算，对小麦不同生育阶段作物系数表（Kc）中后期阶段的发育期、Kc的界定取值以及有关计算公式等进行订正应用研究。结果表明：小麦生育期间各生育阶段总可能蒸散量518.741 mm、不同作物系数小麦总需水量466.393 mm，平均作物系数总需水量440.93 mm，进而求算的阶段水分亏缺率符合实际，效果良好，用水分亏缺率作为评估干旱对冬小麦造成损失的方法可取，可以满足依据水分亏缺率对小麦产量的预报评估需要，可为基层和各级科研人员掌握和了解小麦干旱灾害评估方法提供切实可行的参照依据。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦 干旱 PM公式 灾评应用 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:山东省气象局气象科学技术研究项目—农业气象测报业务管理系统（2013sdqx10） |
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| Correction and Application of the meteorological standards as “The grade of drought disaster for wheat” into real production in Juxian County |
| CHENG Zhao-jin |
| () |
| Abstract: |
| In order to search the method for quantitative assessment of drought disaster to the loss of winter wheat in arid region, taking the Juxian County in Shandong Province as the case study, using the thirty years’ meteorological records (1981—2010) of Juxian County and yearly growth period
of winter wheat and the observation data of soil moisture over the years, applied the FAO PM formula, have calculated the possible evapotranspiration, water requirements and soil water deficiency rate for the different growth stages of winter wheat based on the meteorological standards as “The Grade of Drought Disaster for Wheat”, also carried out the research of the correction and application for the crop coefficient (Kc) values in the middle and late stage of wheat and the relative calculation formula. The results showed that; The total potential evapotranspiration was 518.741 mm in whole growing period of wheat; The whole water requirements of wheat was 466.393 mm by the different crop coefficients and the whole water requirements of wheat was 440.93 mm by the average crop coefficient. Also calculated water deficiency was coincided to the reality with good effect. So the method that the water deficiency evaluate the loss of wheat in the arid region was available, and it can be met the requirement to forecast the wheat yield based on the water deficiency rates. It can be provided a practical reference for the basic level scientific researchers to master and understand this method. |
| Key words: winter wheat drought PM formula application of disastar assessment |
