| 摘要: |
| 生态流量控制与水库其他效益之间的矛盾是河流生态流量保障实践运行的最大障碍，协调生态保障与水库既得利益间的平衡关系是开展面向河流健康的水库调度的重要前提。本研究以河流生态需水过程为生态控制目标，结合文峪河梯级水库的运行需求，划定不同阶段的多目标寻优秩序，并据此建立梯级水库多目标调度模型。依据不同水平年来水状况及远景年的相应措施，设置不同调度情景进行梯级水库模拟调度，得到不同情景下的梯级水库调度方案。最后，对方案中梯级水库的供水保证率、发电量、生态保证率等指标进行统计对比，分析无、低限、适宜三个生态流量控制下的文峪河梯级水库综合效益统计指标的变化规律。研究结果显示：(1) 三个生态流量约束限制，对下游的城镇与工业用水影响不大，其保证率高达99.39%。(2) 对灌溉用水而言，由于将生态流量优先权设置在灌溉用水前，对农田灌溉用水的影响是客观存在的，农田灌溉用水的保证率随生态流量的增加，有所降低，适宜生态流量控制方案较不考虑生态约束方案，保证率下降了10%，且很多枯水年份，破坏的月份达到了8个月，即一年中大部分月份不能满足灌溉需求，可见其破坏程度以及其潜在的经济社会影响不容小视。(3) 三个方案下泄的生态水量都较多，且水量过程差别不大，但生态水量下泄多发生在灌溉用水满足的时段。(4) 由于城镇工业用水、农业用水以及生态用水都是从下游取水，其变化对发电量的影响较小。且实施最小生态控制情况下，梯级水库的强制下泄水量有所减少，为柏叶口和文峪河水库间的补偿调节，提供了更多的空间。通过联合运用，在保障下泄水量要求的情况下，柏叶口相对增发，使梯级总发电量增大，并略高于其他两种方案。 |
| 关键词: 水库调度 多目标 生态流量控制 效益分析 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51179148） |
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| Wenyuhe cascade reservoirs running with considering ecological runoff process and its impact on reservoirs original comprehensive benefits |
| SHI Jian-jun, FENG Min-quan |
| () |
| Abstract: |
| The conflict between the ecological flow control and other reservoir benefit is regarded as one of biggest obstacles to develop river ecological flow security. Balancing their interests is great significative to take river health into reservoirs practice operation. The paper selected river
ecological water requirement process as ecological control target of reservoirs operation, and compared it with other object benefits depending on their significance in different operation time. An order or rule of multi-objective optimization was put forward for building a cascade reservoirs simulation model on Wenyu River. In addition, combining with the supply and demand status and some possible measures on the different level years, it given a series of scenarios based on ecological flow requirements to conduct the simulating operation of cascade reservoirs model. According to the simulating computation under different requirements, many scheduling schemes and its corresponding statistical indicators were got, such as water supply reliability, power generation and ecological assurance. Comparing these indicators from these schemes, we can know the benefit impact on cascade reservoirs operation after considering ecological flow control. |
| Key words: reservoir scheduling multiple objects ecological flow control efficiency analysis |
