| 摘要: |
| 为了明确沟垄覆膜种植方式对旱作马铃薯田养分运移规律及产量的影响，试验设置平畦不覆膜（T1）、平畦覆膜（T2）、全膜双垄沟播（T3）、全膜双垄垄播（T4）、半膜膜侧种植（T5）及半膜沟垄垄播（T6）6个处理，研究了不同沟垄覆膜条件下0～40 cm土壤养分运转分配规律及马铃薯产量表现。结果表明，通过沟垄覆膜处理能促进土壤有机质分解,显著提高马铃薯根区土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。在全生育期，各处理0～20 cm土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量变化规律基本一致，均呈先上升后下降趋势，7月份含量最高，且各沟垄覆膜处理均高于T1；20～40 cm土壤速效氮磷钾含量变化规律为先下降后上升再下降，以8月份养分含量最高，各处理间差异显著；而各沟垄覆膜处理0～40 cm土壤有机质含量均低于T1。与T1相比，T2、T3、T4、T5和T6分别增产36.3%、59.7%、60.5%、47.6%和46.0%，其中T4产量最高。沟垄覆膜种植提高了大薯率和中薯率总和。各处理综合表现以T4最好。 |
| 关键词: 沟垄覆膜 旱作马铃薯 土壤养分运移 产量 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31260311）；国家科技支撑计划（2012BAD06B03）；马铃薯产业技术体系专项（CARS-10-P18）；教育部重点项目（212185）；干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金课题（GSCS-2010-09） |
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| Effects of plastic film and ridge-furrow cropping patterns on soil nutrients movement and yield of potato in semiarid areas |
| QIN Shu-hao1,2, DAI Hai-lin1,2, ZHANG Jun-lian1,2, WANG Di1 |
| () |
| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the effect of plastic film mulching on the movement of soil nutrients and yield of rainfed potato in semiarid areas of Gansu Dingxi, Six treatments were conducted, including harrowed bedding system without plastic mulching (T1), harrowed bedding system with plastic mulching (T2), completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting (T3), completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with ridge planting (T4), plastic mulched raised bedding system with furrow planting (T5) and plastic mulched raised bedding system with bedding planting (T6). The results indicated that plastic film and ridge-furrow practices can increase the content of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil organic matter. In 0～20 cm soil layer, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium showed similar trend, increasing in the first stage, and then decreasing. The nutrient contents were highest in July, the content of soil organic matter of film and ridge-furrow treatments in 0～40 cm soil layer were higher than that in T1. Moreover there were higher nutrient contents in film and ridge-furrow treatments than T1. In 20～40 cm soil layer, the content of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was also changed the same, decreased in the first stage, then increased, and decreased finally, and the nutrient contents were highest in August. Compared with T1, the yield of T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 was increased by 36.3%,
59.7%, 60.5%, 47.6%, and 46.0%, respectively. Plastic film and ridge-furrow cropping patterns increased the yield of potato, especially the ratio of large and medium tubers, with the treatment of completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with ridge planting (T4) showing the highest values. |
| Key words: plastic film mulching and ridge-furrow cropping patterns rainfed potatoes soil nutrients movement yield |
