| 摘要: |
| 以沟灌、水平畦灌为对照，通过2年大田试验分析了在关中灌区集雨节灌种植技术对夏玉米功能叶片的光合参数、荧光参数、叶绿素含量及产量的影响。结果表明，在同期灌溉处理中，集雨节灌处理各测定时期的最大荧光（Fm）、可变荧光（Fv）、最大光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）和叶绿素含量显著高于沟灌、畦灌。集雨节灌处理的籽粒产量在播前灌1水处理下较沟灌、畦灌和沟垄集雨种植分别提高4.9%（P<0.05）、8.5%（P<0.05）和2.2%，在开花期灌1水处理下提高6.0%（P<0.05）、8.3%（P<0.05）、1.3%；在播前和开花期均灌1水处理下提高7.0%（P<0.05）、11.2%（P<0.05）和7.2%（P<0.05）。不同灌溉时期集雨节灌处理的净光合速率（Pn）和叶片瞬时
水分利用效率（WUE）均在灌浆期显著高于畦灌，对基础荧光（Fo）和蒸腾速率（Tr）的影响不明显。除开花期灌1水处理外，其它灌水时期下的集雨节灌处理百粒重显著高于沟灌、畦灌处理。研究表明，集雨节灌可以显著提高叶片光合性能，增强PSⅡ反应中心的电子传递、光合化学效率和潜在活性，且产量显著高于传统沟灌、水平畦灌处理。 |
| 关键词: 集雨节灌 光合特性 荧光参数 夏玉米 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAD09B03，2011BAD29B09）；国家863课题（2013AA102902，2011AA100504）；公益性行业专项（201303104）；陕西科技创新项目（2011NXC01-16） |
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| Effect of rainfall harvest and water-saving irrigation technology to the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize |
| ZHANG Yan1, JIA Zhi-kuan1,2, BING Hao-yang1,2, CHEN Xin2,3, WU Yang1,2, LIU Meng-jun1 |
| () |
| Abstract: |
| Taking the furrow irrigation and leveling border irrigation as control, through 2-year field experiment study,has analyzed the effects of rainfall harvest and water-saving irrigation(RHWI) technology in Guanzhong Irrigation district to the photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence paramete
rs, chlorophyll content of summer maize functional leaves. and yield. The experiment results showed that: In the same irrigation treatments, the maximum fluorescence(Fm), variable fluorescence(Fv), maximal PSⅡ efficiency(Fv/Fm), PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) and the chlorophyll content of RHWI treatments were significantly higher than the furrow irrigation and border irrigation for all determined period. Compared with furrow irrigation, border irrigation and rainfall harvest by furrow dike, the yield of RHWI with irrigated 1 time at pre-sowing stage treatment was increased 4.9%(P<0.05), 8.5%(P<0.05) and 2.2%, respectively; for irrigated 1 time at the flower stage treatment, the yield was increased 6.0%(P<0.05), 8.3% (P<0.05) and 1.3%; and at the treatment of pre-sowing and flowering stage each irrigated 1 time, the yield increased. 7.0%(P<0.05), 11.2%(P<0.05) and 7.2%(P<0.05) while, for the RHWI, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the
instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE) at filling stage total were significantly higher than border irrigation, but there was no significant effect on the minimal fluorescence (Fo) and transpiration rate (Tr). In addition to the treatment of 1 time irrigation at flowering stage, the hundred kernels wight of RHWI treatment under other irrigation treatments were significantly
higher than furrow irrigation and border irrigation. The research also showed that: The RHWI could significantly improve the leaf photosynthetic performance, and enhance electron transfer, the photosynthetic chemical efficiency and potential activity of the PS II reaction center. In addition, the yield of RHWI treatment was significantly higher than the furrow irrigation and border irrigation. These results can be provided a new water-saving technical approach for high production of summer maize cultivation. |
| Key words: rainfall harvest and water-saving irrigation photosynthetic characteristics fluorescence parameters summer maize |
